Popular Science | Methods of treating construction waste with construction mixed waste sorting equipment
Release time：2025 / 05 / 11 10:28:45 Author：Guoxin Machinery
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Construction mixed waste sorting equipment is an important part of realizing its resource utilization and reduction. Through sorting, useful resources are utilized and harmful ones are fully separated. Another important function is to divide construction waste into different particle size levels for different recycling processes.
The basic principle of construction mixed waste sorting equipment is to use the differences in the physical or chemical properties of the materials to sort them. For example, separation is carried out by using the difference between magnetic and non-magnetic properties in the garbage, separation is carried out by using the difference in particle size, separation is carried out by using the difference in specific gravity, etc. According to different properties, construction mixed waste sorting equipment can design and manufacture various machines to sort solid waste. Sorting includes manual picking, screening, gravity sorting, magnetic sorting, buoyancy sorting, optical sorting, etc., which are explained below.
Construction mixed waste sorting equipment uses a sieve to pass fine particles smaller than the sieve hole through the sieve surface, while coarse particles larger than the sieve hole are left on the drying surface to complete the process of separating coarse and fine materials. The separation process can be regarded as two stages: material stratification and fine particle screening. There are three types of screens commonly used in construction mixed waste sorting equipment: fixed screen, vibrating screen and drum screen.
Fixed screen: The screen surface is composed of many parallel arranged screen bars, which can be installed horizontally or tilted. Its characteristics are simple structure, low power consumption, low equipment cost and convenient maintenance. Therefore, it is widely used in the sorting process. Fixed screens can be divided into grid screens and bar screens. The grid screen is generally installed before the coarse crusher to ensure that the feed particle size is appropriate. The bar screen is used to screen coarse waste with a particle size greater than 50 mm. It is generally used before coarse crushing and medium crushing. The inclination angle during installation should be greater than the friction angle of the waste on the screen surface, generally 30°~35°, to ensure that the material slides down along the screen surface. The size of the bar screen hole is 1.1~1.2 times the particle size of the material to be dried, and the width of the screen bar should be greater than 2.5 times the maximum particle size of the solid waste.
Vibrating screen: Vibrating screen is a widely used equipment in many industrial sectors. Its characteristics are that the vibration direction is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the screen surface, the vibration frequency is 600-3600r/min, the amplitude is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the material is segregated on the screen surface. The particles with high density and small particle size enter the lower layer and reach the screen surface. The suitable inclination angle of the vibrating screen is generally 8°-40°. A small inclination angle will make the material move slowly, and a large inclination angle will make the material move too fast and screen through. The vibrating screen eliminates the phenomenon of clogging the screen holes due to the strong vibration of the screen surface, which is conducive to the screening of wet materials. It can be used for the screening of coarse, medium and fine particles of construction waste. The vibrating screen mainly includes resonance screen and inertial screen.
Drum screen: also known as rotary drum screen, it is a cylindrical screening surface that rotates slowly (generally the speed is controlled at 10-15r/min). The screen drum axis is generally installed at an inclination angle of 3°-5°. The most commonly used screen surface is the impact screen plate, which can also be a screen woven from various materials, but it is not suitable for screening linear materials. During screening, the material is fed in from the slightly higher end, and then the drum is continuously turned in the screen, and the fine particles finally pass through the screen surface. The inclination angle of the drum screen determines the axial running speed of the material, while the behavior of the material perpendicular to the drum axis is determined by the rotation speed.
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